Mahatma Gandhi Biography
Who was Mahatma Gandhi?
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent political leader of the Indian independence movement. Following the principles of Satyagraha and non-violence, he played an important role in securing independence for India. These principles of his have given people all over the world civil rights and Motivated the freedom movement. He is also called the Father of the Nation. Subhash Chandra Bose addressed him as 'Father of the Nation' in the broadcast released in the name of Gandhiji in the year 1944 from Rangoon Radio.
Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
| BirthDay | 02 October 1869 |
| Age | 78 |
| Death | 30 January 1948 |
| Birth Place | Porbandar, Kathiawar Agency, British Raj |
| Nationality | British Raj |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Citizenship | British raj |
| Parent's | Karamchand Gandhi and putilibai |
| Political Party | Indian National Congress |
Mahatma Gandhi is a Mishra for the entire human race. He followed non-violence and truth in every situation and asked people to follow them. He lived his life in virtue. He always wore traditional Indian dress dhoti and cotton shawl. This great man, who always eats vegetarian food, also kept a long fast for self-purification.
Before returning to India in 1915, Gandhi fought for the civil rights of the people of the Indian community in South Africa as a migrant lawyer. Coming to India, he toured the entire country and united the farmers, laborers, and laborers to fight against heavy land tax and discrimination. In 1921, he took over the reins of the Indian National Congress and His actions influenced the political, social, and economic landscape of the country. He gained considerable fame with the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and the 'Quit India' movement in 1942. During the independence struggle of India, Gandhi Ji also remained in jail for many years on several occasions.
Gandhi Jayanti 2020: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January by Nathuram Godse by firing three bullets at the prayer ground of Birla House. Therefore, on January 30, Martyr's Day or Sarvodaya Day is celebrated every year in memory of Mahatma Gandhi.
Mahatma Gandhi, through his Satyagraha, worked relentlessly to end British rule and improve the lives of the poor. His ideology of truth and non-violence were also embraced by Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela for their struggle. Mahatma Gandhi also fought non-violently against injustice and racial discrimination in Africa for twenty consecutive years. Due to his simple way of life, he gained a lot of fame in India and abroad. He was popularly known as Bapu.
Early life and family background
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal city in Gujarat, India. His father Karamchand Gandhi was a Diwan of a small princely state (Porbandar) of Kathiawar during the British Raj. Mohandas's mother Putlibai Parnami belonged to the Vaishya community and was highly religious in nature, influenced by young Mohandas and these values further Later played an important role in his life. She used to keep a fast and once in a family, she would do her service day and night in Sushrusha. Thus Mohandas naturally adopted non-violence, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance among those who believe in different religions and creeds.
In 1883, at the age of 13 and a half, he was married to 14-year-old Kasturba. When Mohandas was 15 years old, his first child was born, but she lived only a few days. His father Karamchand Gandhi also passed away in the same year (1885). Later Mohandas and Kasturba had four children - Harilal Gandhi (1888), Manilal Gandhi (1892), Ramdas Gandhi (1897), and Devdas Gandhi (1900).
He did his middle school education in Porbandar and high school education in Rajkot. Mohandas remained an average student at the academic level. In 1887, he passed the matriculation examination from Ahmedabad. After this Mohandas enrolled in Shamaldas College in Bhavnagar but due to poor health and home disconnection, he remained unhappy and left college and went back to Porbandar.
In May 1893, he went to South Africa to work as a lawyer. There, he experienced racial discrimination for the first time. When he was pushed out of the first-class compartment of the train even after being ticketed as it was reserved for the whites only. Traveling in the first class of any Indian and black was prohibited. This incident had a profound impact on Gandhiji and he used racial discrimination Determined to fight against He observed that such incidents are common with Indians here in Africa. On 22 May 1894, Gandhiji founded the Natal Indian Congress and worked hard for the rights of Indians in South Africa. In a very short time, Gandhiji became the leader of the Indian community in Africa.
Ten interesting facts about Gandhi Ji
Role in the Indian freedom struggle
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress along with his mentor Mr. Gopalakrishna Gokhale. Gandhiji's first major achievement was the Champaran and Kheda movements in Bihar and Gujarat. He also led the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement.
Death
Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse. Godse was a Hindu nationalist and member of the Hindu Mahasabha. He accused Gandhi of favoring Pakistan and was opposed to Gandhi's non-Ahsawadi doctrine.
Writing
Gandhiji was a prolific writer. Some of the books written by him are-
• Hind Swaraj, published in Gujarati in 1909.
• He edited several newspapers in Hindi, Gujarati, and English. In which Harijan in Hindi and Gujarati, Young India in English, and Gujarati magazine Navjivan are prominent.
• Gandhiji also wrote his autobiography "The Uses of Truth".
• His other autobiographies include Satyagraha, Hind Swaraj, etc. in South Africa.
Award
• Time magazine chose Man of the Year in the year 1930.
• In 2011, Time magazine selected Gandhiji among the best twenty-five political figures who have always been a source of inspiration for the world.
• Although he never received the Nobel Prize, he was nominated for this five times from 1937 to 1948.
• The Government of India confers the Gandhi Peace Prize to social workers, world leaders, and citizens every year. Nelson Mandela, a leader who struggles against apartheid in South Africa, has been awarded this award.
Film
The 1982 film on Gandhi, in which Ben Kingsley played Gandhi, won the Best Picture award at the Oscars.
Satyagraha
Gandhi identified the principle of non-violence as Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha influenced many celebrities. Freedom, equality, and social justice were influenced by Nelson Mandel and Martin Luther King Gandhi in their struggle. Satyagraha is based on true principles and non-violence.